Cancer Facts

Prostate Cancer

• The prostate is part of a man's reproductive system. It is located in front of the rectum and under the bladder. A healthy prostate is about the size of a walnut, and it is shaped like a donut. The urethra (the tube through which urine flows) passes through the prostate. If the prostate grows too large, it squeezes the urethra. This may cause urinary problems by slowing or stopping the flow of urine from the bladder to the penis.
• Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is the abnormal growth of benign prostate cells. In BPH, the prostate grows larger and presses against the urethra and bladder. This interferes with the normal flow of urine. BPH is a very common problem. In the United States , most men over the age of 50 have symptoms of BPH. For some men, symptoms may be severe enough to require treatment.

• Age — Age is the strongest risk factor for prostate cancer. This disease is rare in men younger than 45, but the chance of getting it increases as a man gets older. In the United States , most men with prostate cancer are older than 65.
• Family history — A man's risk of prostate cancer is higher than average if his father or brother had the disease.
• Race — Prostate cancer is more common in African American men than in white men and Hispanic men. It is less common in Asian and American Indian men.
• Certain prostate changes — Having abnormal cells called high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) may increase the risk of prostate cancer.
• Diet — Some studies suggest that men who eat a diet high in animal fat or meat may be at increased risk of prostate cancer. Also, men who eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may have a lower risk.

• Urinary Problems-
• Inability to urinate, or difficulty starting or stopping the urine flow
• The need to urinate frequently, especially at night
• Weak or interrupted flow of urine
• Pain or burning during urination
• Difficulty having an erection
• Blood in the urine or semen
• Frequent pain in the lower back, hips or upper thighs